What is Pulse Oximetry

Pulse Oximetry is a simple and painless test that measures one’s oxygen saturation levels (SpO2) and pulse rate. It rapidly measures how much oxygen there is in the blood and how efficiently it is being carried into the farthest extremities of the body, including the arms and legs. Pulse Oximetry is a noninvasive procedure, which mean it does not introduce any instrument into the body. It is done using a pulse oximeter sensor, which is attached to a part of the body, usually a finger, toe or foot (neonates) and in some cases an earlobe.

Indications

There are various factors that indicate the use of Pulse Oximetry. Aside from being used in routine checks, Pulse Oximeters are used in individuals who have health conditions that require continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation levels.

Limitations to Pulse Oximetry

While Pulse Oximetry is a fairly accurate test that provided results within only a 2-3 percent difference from the actual reading, certain factors may impact its accuracy.

1. Patient movement can cause inaccurate readings as the probe easily dislodges. With this, if the patient is shivering or fussy, you may hold the hand or foot steady or wait until the shaking has stopped before obtaining reading.
2. Exposure to direct bright light shining at the probe can affect pulse oximetry readings, such as direct sunlight.
3. Avoid putting the sensor on a finger/toe with nail polish or any pigment on the finger/toe that can interfere with the reading as the color can absorb the emitted light, making it unable to detect oxygenated blood.
4. Cold, clammy hands or feet, or poor circulation can also cause inaccurate readings. Keep extremities warm to avoid these inaccurate readings.

Safety Considerations

• Change sensor placement on patient every 8 hours. This will aid in the prevention of a skin burn from the red light or skin breakdown from the adhesive. The sensor should be snug on the foot, toe or finger, but not too tight that circulation if compromised.
   
• Be certain to monitor patient as prescribed. The pulse oximeter will detect decreased oxygen saturations. It will also warn you if the patient’s heart rate becomes abnormal. The device can only do its job if it is turned on and properly connected to the patient. Do not stop using the pulse oximeter unless your doctor says it is ok.
   
• Keep children and pets away from the pulse oximeter. Children and pets might disconnect the pulse oximeter or the sensor and cause other accidents, particularly when you are asleep or out of the room.
   
• Be sure that you can hear the alarm. Make sure you can hear the alarm from other rooms or while there is noise in the house. Have someone test the device alarm while you are in those other rooms or noisy environment.
   
• Always remove the sensor from the patient and completely disconnect the patient from the pulse oximeter before bathing.
   
• Keep the pulse oximeter at least a foot away from sources of interference. Sources of interference include any electrical equipment.
   
• Do not expose the pulse oximeter to excessive moisture such as direct exposure to rain. Excessive moisture can cause the device to perform inaccurately or fail.
   
• If the sensor is damaged in any way, discontinue use immediately. It is your responsibility to keep sufficient sensor supply. Contact MedCare for resupply of sensors and Coban tape.
   
• Keep patient cable and sensor wire routed away from an infant patients grasp to reduce the possibility of entanglement or strangulation.
   
• Avoid Lotions or creams on the sensor site.

Cleaning Your Pulse Ox

The outer surface of the pulse oximeter can be cleaned with a soft cloth dampened with a mild detergent and warm water solution. Do not allow liquids to enter the interior of the instrument.

The reusable sensors and patient cable can be cleaned per the following procedure:

1. Remove the sensor from the patient.
2. Disconnect the sensor from the patient cable.
3. Disconnect the patient cable from the monitor.
4. Wipe the entire sensor and or patient cable clean with a 70% isopropyl alcohol pad.
5. Allow to air dry thoroughly before returning it to operation.